Philip Richard Fendall originally bought the property from his cousin “Light Horse” Harry Lee in 1784. Beginning to build his new house was not the only thing Philip was involved in that year. George Washington was starting the Potomac or Patowmack Company that same year. Washington’s idea was to devise a series of canals and locks to make the Potomac River more navigable, with an ultimate goal of connecting the James River, Potomac River, and the Ohio River. Through a series of channels, roads, canals and locks, it would make trade easier between the East and the West. Washington knew the lands in the West very well after surveying it as a young man and navigating it again during the French and Indian War. After exploring areas of western Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania and Ohio, again after the Revolutionary War, he needed financial support in the matter and looked to Philip Fendall, “Light Horse” Harry Lee, Thomas Blackburn, and other prominent men in the area for help. The 1785 charter provided “liberal wages” for “one hundred good Hands with provisions and a reasonable Quantity of Spirits.”[1] With the support from Maryland and Virginia, work on the Potomac River was no easy task. There were a series of falls from Georgetown, Great Falls, and Seneca Falls and into Harper’s Ferry. They were also met with rock gardens, rapids, rock ledges, and large boulders. The problems were not just natural features but also physical labor. The Potomac Company had a hard time finding labor because of the physical demands and dangerous conditions.[2] Some location along the river had already been established, helping the Potowmack Company move up river faster.  General Light Horse Harry Lee was a huge help, he purchased 40 acres off the Potomac River that became the headquarters of the Potowmack Company. He called it Matildaville, after his late wife. Located by Great Falls, it included a sawmill, gristmill, housing for laborers, boarding houses, a warehouse, and shops. Eventually it was abandoned after the failure of the company. [3] The company fell short of reaching their goal within five years. It took them an additional five years just to finish the canal at Great Falls. They never made it all the way up the Potomac River as they had projected.  Great Falls was profitable for a short time but eventually the Potowmack Company was absorbed by the Chesapeake and Ohio Company in 1828. C & O did move forward with George Washington’s original vision and eventually built canals to make it easier for trade to Cumberland, Maryland. Without the support of men like Philip Fendall and Light Horse Harry Lee, Washington’s vision would not have become a reality. The original idea of connecting major water routes was just the start to connecting the East to the West, The beginning of growing the new nation into a strong nation.

-Karen Fossum, Museum Assistant

-Karen Fossum, Museum Assistant

Eggnog tends to provoke rather strong opinions.  But whether this creamy and rich drink inspires craving or disgust, it is interesting to note that the beverage has a long and storied gastronomical history, one that didn’t just start with the Don Draper-esque Christmas celebrations of the 1950s.  The origins of eggnog can be traced to medieval Britain in what was called a “posset,” or a “hot, milky, ale-like drink.”[1]  Although it progressed through a series of iterations, the drink itself did not become popularly linked with the holidays until the eighteenth century.  Founding father George Washington himself enjoyed the drink, and even wrote his original recipe down for personal reference and posterity.  Perhaps colonial revelers such as Washington had stronger stomachs.  Washington was known to enjoy sweet, alcoholic drinks such as Madeira, and his recipe for eggnog bears no exception:

One quart cream, one quart milk, one dozen tablespoons sugar, one pint brandy, 1/2 pint rye whiskey, 1/2 pint Jamaica rum, 1/4 pint sherry—mix liquor first, then separate yolks and whites of eggs, add sugar to beaten yolks, mix well. Add milk and cream, slowly beating. Beat whites of eggs until stiff and fold slowly into mixture. Let set in cool place for several days. Taste frequently.[2]

Given the above recipe, it shouldn’t come as a surprise that eggnog has caused a problem or two in history, and not just at the company Christmas party.  In 1826, the military academy West Point saw it’s fair share of trouble.  The cadets at West Point traditionally enjoyed a Christmas celebration that included homemade eggnog; however, the tenure of the new superintendent Colonel Sylvanus Thayer threatened this much-beloved custom.  Although Thayer attempted to enforce a rule that prohibited the purchase or consumption of alcohol by cadets at West Point, the cadets found a way around this “suggestion” and threw a raucus celebration that included excessive consumption of eggnog.  What soon became known as the “Eggnog Riot” involved over 70 cadets and resulted in charges of assault and destruction of property.  Nineteen cadets and one soldier were court-martialed in retribution for the fiasco, although one cadet notably escaped blame.  Jefferson Davis, who would go on to become President of the Confederate States of America, was one of the alleged perpetrators during the events.  Although he was placed under house arrest for a period of time, he successfully avoided the more serious fate of some of his other classmates.[3]

Jefferson Davis, overly enthusiastic fan of eggnog

Luckily, consumption of eggnog throughout history hasn’t always been quite as dramatic as the Eggnog Riot.  By the Victorian period, however, eggnog had officially replaced the popular colonial drink of punch as the drink of choice during the holidays.  In addition, it was one of the few alcoholic drinks acceptable for ladies to drink in public.  During the holidays eggnog would have been traditionally served before breakfast and consumed throughout the day.  One can only imagine the scene at Victorian homes such as the Lee-Fendall House during Christmas.[4]

If you choose to indulge in this decadent and delicious holiday drink over the next few weeks, remember that you’re in good company.  Although do try not to follow the example of Jefferson Davis and his fellow cadets.

–Lauren Maloy, Museum Assistant

The book did not stop circulating during the Civil War. Godey and Hale purposefully neglected any mention of the war, even going so far as to fire an assistant editor, Sara Jane Lippincott, for writing about abolition in other publications. As the country moved westward, Godey’s Lady’s Book and Magazine were found in towns across the Great Plains, even into California and the westernmost territories. Even though each annual subscription was $3 or more, the readership topped 150,000 “middle class” homes by 1877. It was one of the first copyrighted books in America, and Godey and Hale fiercely protected their rights, which was considered selfish at the time.

Some familiar American innovations were first championed by Godey’s Lady’s Book:

1. Christmas trees as a national practice, not just a local custom
2. Regimented mourning practices
3. Thanksgiving
4. Copyright infringement and protections
5. All-women’s publications
6. First Publication of short works by Edgar Allan Poe, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Washington Irving, and others.

Patterns for work include:

Crochet; Netting; Knitting; Millinery—construction and decoration; Hand & Machine Sewing; Cross stitching; Embroidery; Lacemaking; Applique, Braiding and trims; Design and architecture; Basketry, cobbling, headdress creation, lettering, beading, matting

 How does this apply in Alexandria?

The exact numbers of readership are unknown, but could be determined through the records of the publishing company which still in exist, in part. As part of a thriving metropolitan area with affluence, a market economy, and an established social milieu, it would not be without the realm of possibility that several women in town purchased this book, shared it with a neighbor, or copied down patterns, receipts, and ideas. An examination of writings left behind by Alexandrians would also reveal clues about their reading habits and responses to new merchandise and ideas. Some possible places to start would be the diary and letters of Judith Brocklebrough McGuire, wife of the Episcopal High School headmaster or the diary of Isobel Emerson.

Goods and services readily available in Alexandria by 1830:

Carding wool; Breaking cotton; Dressmaker; Hairdresser/Wigmaker; Silversmith; Ironworkers; Ladies’ Teachers; Nailers (Horace Field Union Street); Dyer; Laundry and cleaning ; Mantua makers; Merchants (supplying needles—Tunis Craven King St, 1803-05); Milliner; Seamstress; Tailor; Tanner; Finished wearables (yarn stockings—John Joseph Combs, Fairfax Street, 1786); George Washington Parke Custis advocating a woolen manufactory 1809, sheep raising and shearing contest 1808; Philip Dalby—hardware, ironware, cutlery, hats, Persians, modes, handkerchiefs, etc.

The first mention of a specific type of wool being sold in Alexandria in most indices is attributed to Antoine (also Anthony) Cazenove, father of Louis Cazenove who owned Lee-Fendall House 1850-52.  Antoine established the Cazenove Company which exported wheat and flour, and imported dry goods and foodstuffs. In 1821, he is advertising for Merino and skinner’s wools.  Earlier reference to “cassimeres” probably refers to finished products, not yarn.

Merino Wool is sheep’s wool, and comes in several varieties, including strong (broad), medium, superfine, ultrafine (usually blended with silk or cashmere). Merino sheep entered Europe through Spain, reaching England through Flanders. Australia and New Zealand ranchers today dominate the market. Beginning in 1802 merino wools entered the US through Vermont. The price of wool in the US was $.25/pound in 1840. Cazenove’s business ventures extended as far north as Maine, which made the family among the first to begin introducing the wool to the southern parts of the Eastern Seaboard

What “Skinner’s Wool” exactly is, is a bit harder to determine. Is Cazenove’s mention of “skinner’s wool” identifying a wool standard, rather than a wool itself? A vital publication of the wool trade, Skinner’s Wool Trade Catalogue, was a product of the Australian wool industry.  The Skinner Company also produced a second catalogue titled Skinner’s Cotton Trade Catalogue. These two volumes formed the most comprehensive statement on the United Kingdom’s textile trade. “Skinner’s wool” might indicate the wool is imported, therefore subject to an understanding of the wool’s composition or origin. A consumer of the day probably understood the term as an endorsement of quality or source, rather than of composition.

– Erin Adams, Director

Her findings included: boxes of household accounts stuffed away in the house’s basement; his cap, gown, and honorary doctorate diploma awarded by Georgetown University on sale at a local thrift store; the family’s private cottage at Pine Island, Florida; and many other stories, people, and objects.

Mrs. Moll’s interest in Lewis began with the recognition of his national significance. Indeed, of all the residents of this house, Lewis is unquestionably the most nationally significant. As president of United Mine Workers of America and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (today, AFL-CIO), Lewis fought for safer working conditions, environmental protections, fair wages, better health care and living conditions for coal miners and their families. Mrs. Moll felt that although the Lee family has a significant role to play in this city and house, Lewis emerged as the person to remember.

She captured her feelings in a poem, written in the late 1980s, and I share it with you now:

“Lee-Fendall Ghosts” by Marilyn Moll

Head bent o’er law books, Philip Fendall stares;

Elizabeth pours tea for one and all;

Light Horse Harry’s spurs clink in the hall

And the fair Matilda flits about upstairs.

Lou Cazenove inspects the new stair-well;

And candles sputter o’er the famoour desk

And scratching quill of old E.J. Lee, Esq.,

Whilst Myra Lee imperiously cranks a bell.

As kitchen servants tea tid-bits prepare,

Theodric gazes simpering ’round his room

And Myrta Lewis hovers everywhere.

Although we but perceive his empty chair,

Some puissant presence permeates the room–

No ghost exists–’tis John L. Lewis there!

You can find other poems about Alexandria’s famous people and places through the MAPP project (Mapping Alexandria through Poems and Pictures), directed by City Poet Laureate Amy Young, and perhaps include one of your own!

Pinterest users are slowly gluing, hammering, and knitting their way across the nation. As of March 2012, Pinterest was the #4 social network and #16 most trafficked website in the United States.[1] Founded in 2009, the site receives 11 million unique visitors each month, with an especially strong vistorship of women from ages 30 to 50 with children.[2] Sounds pretty phenomenal, right? Well, sorry to say Pinterest, but history tells us that this crafty movement is nothing new.  Of course, it involved quite a different sort of “pinning.”

Pinterest, meet Godey’s Lady’s Book. Founded in Philadelphia in 1830, Louis A. Godey decided to target a growing American audience: women. Initially, Godey’s magazine featured  a mish-mash of fashion plates (images), stories and poems  gathered from other books and, quite fashionably, British magazines.[3] The practice of assembling a miscellaneous jumble of interesting tidbits was already common in other women-focused publications but Godey also added some original material. These sections were called “departments,” and offered all kinds of helpful home and health advice. [4] To a modern American audience, these suggestions can reveal drastic, er, differences in notions of cleanliness. One column, entitled “Washing the Hair,” advised against the fear of using water on the head because healthy hair requires daily washing:

“To prevent, therefore, [hair] becoming greasy and dirty, it ought to be washed daily with warm, but not too warm, soft water-to which, occasionally, a portion of soap will be a very proper addition.”

By the middle of the nineteenth century, the nature of education a woman should receive became an intense social contest but, many citizens—both men and women—feared that increased education for women would provide them with the capability to achieve economic independence, upsetting the strict Victorian family-based social structure.[5] The role of most middle class women, therefore, continued to remain centered on the home. Many women, however, used publishing to push the boundaries of female education within the limits of their domesticity. Sarah Josepha Hale was one such woman. Starting the Ladies’ Magazine in 1828¸ she sneered at the decadent, European fluff that filled other women’s literature and focused on publishing works by American, both male and female, writers.[6] In 1837, her magazine joined with Godey’s to create a publishing powerhouse. Focusing on broadening women’s minds, celebrating American literary talent, and trumpeting the values of thrift and prudence, Hall’s leadership of Godey’s brought its circulation to 150,000 before the Civil War and attracted writers like Edgar Allen Poe and Harriet Beecher Stowe.[7]

Directed toward the middle class, Godey’s became a cultural staple for many women. Those who could not afford the subscription on their own, would join clubs to share the magazine and the fee.[8] To be the most effective, dutiful, American sovereign over your home, you had to have Godey’s.

But this was no easy task. Let’s take a look at some “pins” from the Godey’s Lady’s Book.

Need to add some charm to your home with plants but having trouble locating those pesky earthen pots? Godey’s informs readers that “it may be interesting to know that plants generally grow better in tin fruit or meat cans.” Don’t have those either? Continue to read for instructions on how to make “tasteful trellises” for ivy and other plants using wire from an old hoop skirt.[9]

Outside the home, one also needs to be fashionable so, bring out those needles! Here is an example of four of the latest Paris Fashions for crocheted purses. To form the rings for the Eugene Purse (top left), merely crochet over steel rings and fill the center with a bead. [10]

Parties are always a stressful affair. To brighten up any children’s party, serve these little plum cakes from this simple, healthy recipe….

“Two pounds of flour, Half pound of sugar, Four eggs, Half pound of butter, Six spoonfuls of cream, One and a half pounds of currants. Mix butter and sugar to a cream, first washing the butter in rose-water, add eggs well beaten, then cream a little warm, then the flour and currants, the latter well washed and well dried; mix well, and make into small cakes, or bake in very small round tin pans in a tolerably hot oven. Frost the, and put a sugar toy on each one.”[11]

At the Lee-Fendall House, Godey’s would have been a major reference for Harriet Cazenove—the great granddaughter of Richard Henry Lee—as she moved into her new Alexandria home with her new husband, Louis, in 1850. Socially ambitious, the Cazenoves completed renovated the home to fit with the latest fashions and technology. Marble mantles replaced wood ones, a solarium (or conservatory) was added on the first floor, and the entire home was outfitted with new central heating, plumbing and gas lighting. So extensive were these renovations, the value of the home jumped from $3,000 to $12,000 between 1850 and 1852. To ensure the interior of her home equaled the impressive renovations, Harriet would have been aware of the advice emanated by Godey’s. Harriet’s plans for Lee-Fendall, however remained unrealized. In 1852, Louis died and left his new bride a widow. In 1856, Harriet decided to relocate and would rent out the Lee-Fendall House until it was confiscated in the Civil War by Union forces.

Need some more Godey’s? Check out next week’s blog post about Godey’s and Alexandria.

–Christina Regelski, Graduate Collections Intern

For the entire month of November, we are waiving admission fees to the house.  While we would love to mimic the Smithsonian’s example of free admission year-long, as a small historic house museum we simply need admission fees to operate.  Frankly, the Lee-Fendall House is a steal (admittedly, my opinion may be slightly biased) at $5 admission for adults and $3 for children.  It’s a small price to pay for a guided tour given by one of our very talented docents, along with a chance to experience over two hundred years of history.  And with that I’ll finish my very obvious plug for the museum – but I’m sure that those of you who have been to the Lee-Fendall House know exactly what I’m talking about.

By waiving admission fees in November, we’d like to do away with the obstacle that an admission fee often poses to tourists and local residents alike.  As an avid museum-lover, I recognize that I’m perhaps more willing than most to pay admission to experience a battlefield, a historic house, or an art museum.  I’ve worked with non-profits in some sense for years now, and if nothing else it has instilled in me the importance of supporting your local cultural resources.  It’s rare to meet someone in this field who isn’t incredibly passionate about what they do and what their organization can bring to the community.  Like most people, I pay for movie tickets, for dinners out (probably too many), and for new blouses every now and then.  Most of these purchases often come hand-in-hand with a little guilt.  But honestly, I never give a second thought about contributing to a museum.

The intent behind “No Admission November” is to bring more people to the Lee-Fendall House, especially those who may not have come with an admission fee attached.  We’re still asking and hoping for donations, but if nothing else we hope that more people simply come, even if they don’t pull a dollar out of their pocket.  If you always mean to make it out to a museum on your weekend, now is the time to do it.  We’d love to have you.

For those of you interested in the study of museums, there’s a blog entry on Museum 2.0, which is a great blog to follow anyway, on admission fees in museums:

Simon, Nina. “Admission Anxiety: The Case for Consistency.” Blog entry. Museum 2.0. September 24, 2007. http://museumtwo.blogspot.com/2007/09/admissions-anxiety-case-for-consistency.html

–Lauren Maloy, Museum Assistant

As luck would have it: following John L. Lewis’ death in 1969, John L. Lewis Jr. decided to sell everything in the house. And I mean everything.  Every piece of furniture, every letter, every photograph…everything. For some mysterious reason John L. Lewis Jr. decided to sell the items through an auction house based out of Milwaukee. Milwaukee might see like a pretty random place but, considering John L. Lewis Jr. lived in Chicago at the time, Milwaukee kind of makes sense. Or not.

John L. Lewis

Anyway, the auction gallery John L. Lewis Jr. chose had the totally original name of Milwaukee Auction Galleries (locally called MAG). MAG decided to combine the John L. Lewis auction with similar items to create one massive auction that took place in November and December of 1969. An auction catalogue was created to describe each item in the auction, including a few pretty glossy pictures.

In 1985 T. Michael Miller used a copy of this auction catalogue in the appendix of his book Visitors from the Past: a Bicentennial Reflection on Life at the Lee-Fendall House (1986). Sadly, Miller used an ancient technology called a “typewriter” and the copy of the auction catalogue is grainy and blurry. Miller also failed to tell anyone where he hid the copy of the auction catalogue when he was done with it…no one has seen it since 1985.

In 1994 MAG got into some rather sticky legal trouble and had to shut it doors. All of the remaining items and auction catalogues in the warehouse were scattered in the wind. I picked up the trail in Milwaukee thanks to my good friend Google. Apparently an associate of MAG split off and formed Schrager & Associates auction house. There are two different numbers and two different websites for Schrager & Associates that pop up on Google. Surprise, surprise: the numbers have been disconnected and both website domains have expired. So that was a dead end.

I decided to throw caution in the wind and call a random auction house in Milwaukee, thinking that maybe they would know what was going on. I called Betthausers Auction House. The lady who answered the phone refused to answer any of my questions regarding MAG. In fact when I asked her why they went out of business she responded: “I’d rather not say”. She then told me she had no idea what happened to MAG’s collection. Another dead end.

In desperation I called the Wisconsin Historical Society. I called the Archivist, who transferred me to the Librarian, who transferred me to the Curator. At first the Curator told me he could not help me. He did have a MAG auction catalogue but it dated to 1967, two years earlier than the John L. Lewis catalogue. The Curator referred me to the Milwaukee Historical society and wished me the best of luck. An hour later the Curator called me back and informed me that he had found the auction catalogue in the collection at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library.

Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library

Wait, what? How it ended up in the Library of Honest Abe is anyone’s guess, but it’s there and that’s all that matters! Elated, I called the library only to be informed that the auction catalogue was too long and there were simply not enough staff members to make a copy. She transferred me to another lady who was not at her desk, I left her a message and went home to take a long nap.

Such is the lot of the intern, destined always to be placed at the bottom of the totem pole.  It seemed that she might never call back, but luckily, many many days later she called the Director of Lee-Fendall. Long story short…for a small fee they are going to digitize the auction catalogue and e-mail it to us! Victory for the little guys in the small historic house world!

And so closes the case of the missing auction catalogue. The Lincoln Library would have gotten away with hiding it forever if it hadn’t been for those nosy kids and their dog…get it? Scooby-doo? Anybody?

–Mary LeMaster, Graduate Intern

During the Civil War, the Union appropriated the house at 614 Oronoco to utilize as a hospital.  For a few months, the Miller family continued to live in the house, which was not unusual for the time.  It’s not hard to imagine the trials that this placed upon a family forced into sharing their house with wounded and dying soldiers just as the city of Alexandria was occupied by the Union army.  Moreover, Americans throughout the country were directly confronted with the death of loved ones in a manner and scope that had never occurred before.  The ways in which they dealt with this tragedy, and the realities with which they had to cope are the subject of our event on October 20.

We hope that you venture out to the Lee-Fendall House to experience Spirits, Suffering, and Society this Saturday.  It will be a unique event that promises to transport you back to a time that can be difficult to comprehend.  Additionally, it will be a window into life at the Lee-Fendall House that is often complicated to interpret in our regular tours.  Our website has a comprehensive discussion of the topic of this weekend’s event that provides a good background for visitors coming to the museum on Saturday.  But to really get a sense of how Americans coped with the Civil War, we hope you visit and experience it for yourself. 

Tickets are $15, and can be purchased by calling (703) 548-1789 or emailing contact@leefendallhouse.org.  The event will be held at the Lee-Fendall House Museum and Garden at 614 Oronoco on October 20 from 6-9 pm.  For more information on the event itself, please visit the special page dedicated to Spirits, Suffering, and Society on our website: http://www.leefendallhouse.org/?page_id=75.

(Pictured above, from left to right: 1) Richard the Immigrant, 2) Henry Lee, aka Light Horse Harry Lee, 3) Robert E. Lee, 4) Philip R. Fendall, Jr.)

Here at Lee-Fendall, the first Lee we find on our family tree is Hugh de Le. Hugh de Le is listed without birth or death dates, instead “an extremely old deed” is written next to his name. That probably refers to the fact that Hugh was a Norman who arrived sometime after the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. This one de Le fathered another de Le who fathered another de Le, until eventually, around the 13th century, they dropped the “de” and ended up with the English surname of “Lee”.

In 1638 a man named Richard Lee, called “Richard the Immigrant”, arrived in Jamestown. Richard is the Lee to remember because, not only is he the first Lee in the American colonies, but he is also the Lee that established this American dynasty. Richard and Anna Constable Lee had eight children, but it is his son Richard II (Lees have a tendency of reusing names) who establishes three distinct Lee family lines: Mt.Pleasant, Blenheim, and Stratford (there is a fourth Lee family line but that comes later). Many of the children from these family lines end up living here at Lee-Fendall.

So how does this relate to Robert E. Lee’s uncle/cousin? Well, prepare to be profoundly confused: Philip R. Fendall was the grandson of Philip Lee, founder of the Blenheim family line, who was the son of Richard Lee, who was the son of Richard the Immigrant. Confused yet? It gets worse: Philip R. Fendall married three Lee ladies. His cousin Sarah Lettice, of the Blenheim Line, came first. Then he married Elizabeth Steptoe, who was the widow of Philip Ludwell Lee of the Stratford Line. Philip Ludwell Lee and Elizabeth Steptoe’s daughter Matilda, was married to Light Horse Harry Lee, which means that Elizabeth Steptoe was Light Horse’s mother-in-law. Finally, Philip R. Fendall married Mary Fendall, Light Horse Harry’s sister. If that made no sense to you, here’s what all those family relations equal: Philip R. Fendall is Robert E. Lee’s cousin through Richard Lee. Fendall is an Uncle because he married Light Horse Harry’s sister aka Robert E. Lee’s Aunt Mary. That probably still made no sense…

(To get an idea of these relationships, check out this family tree: Light Horse Harry and Siblings)

I wish I could say that the complicated familial relationship between Robert E. Lee and his uncle/cousin was an outlier in the Lee family, but it isn’t. A majority of the marriages in the Lee family were intermarriages. Intermarriage between family members is an established practice throughout history, which adds to the complication of family relationships. I will spare you the description of the other intermarriages that happened here at Lee-Fendall, however if you come for a visit I am sure a docent would be more than happy to hash out the various family lines with you. For more information about the Lee family and their complicated familial relationships, please check out the sites at the end of this post. Until then, beware trying to tackle the Lee Family tree solo unless you are ready to have your face melt off like the Nazis in Raiders of the Lost Ark.

– Mary LeMaster, Graduate Intern

Lee Genealogy References:

Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial – FAMILY: http://www.nps.gov/museum/exhibits/arho/family.html

Genealogical history of the Lee family of Virginia and Marylandfrom A.D. 1300 to A.D. 1866 (1868) http://archive.org/details/genealogicalhist00mead

Washingtonand Lee University, Lee Family Digital Archive: http://leearchive.wlu.edu/

Society of the Lees of Virginia: http://www.thesocietyoftheleesofva.org/